暗渡陳倉 (Àn dù chén cāng)
(1) lit. secretly crossing the Wei River 渭河[Wei4 He2] at Chencang (idiom, refers to a stratagem used by Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦[Liu2 Bang1] in 206 BC against Xiang Yu 項羽|项羽[Xiang4 Yu3] of Chu)
(2) fig. to feign one thing while doing another
(3) to cheat under cover of a diversion
Explanation:
This is likened to plotting a plan in secret without other people knowing.
After the Qin Dynasty was overthrown, Xiang Yu, Liu Bang, and other generals who participated in the anti-Qin rebellion gathered for discussion on how to divide the country among themselves. At that time the most powerful general, Xiang Yu, attempted to take sole control of the country; on the surface he advocated dividing up lands, allocating territories, and granting nobility to others, but in his heart he had already begun plotting for their removal in the future.
Xiang Yu had no qualms for those other common generals, but he could not but worry about Liu Bang; he knew that Liu Bang was the most difficult adversary to deal with. They had agreed earlier: whoever conquered Qin’s capital Xianyang first (today located around Shaanxi Xi’an), that person would become the King of Guanzhong (lit. the region “within the passes”). It turned out that the first to enter Xianyang happened to be Liu Bang. Guanzhong, now in the area of Shaanxi, was Qin’s native land. Due to Qin’s heavy investment, Guanzhong was not only abundant in natural resources but also had a strong military engineering foundation. Xiang Yu did not want to let Liu Bang become the “King of Guanzhong”, nor did he want him to return to his home base (now Pei County in Jiangsu province). As such, he intentionally allocated (enfeoffed) Liu Bang the three regions of Ba, Shu (both are now in Sichuan) and Hanzhong (now in Xi’nanshan district of Shaanxi province), conferred upon him the title “King of Han”, and made Nanzheng in Hanzhong its new capital. In this way, he thought he could lock Liu Bang away in a remote, mountainous location. Then he carved up Guanzhong into three regions, allocating them to Qin surrendered generals Zhang Han, Sima Xin, and Dong Yi, so as to block Liu Bang from expanding eastward. Xiang Yu gave himeself the title “Hegemon-King of Western Chu” (西楚霸王), granted himself nine regions, thus occupying a vast swath of fertile land in the Yangtze River‘s middle and lower reaches and the Huai River‘s basin. Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province) became the new capital.
Liu Bang indeed had ambitions for sole hegemony over the realm, so he would not accept the outcome; other generals, too, were not satisfied with their own tiny allotment of territory. However, they were afraid of Xiang Yu’s power and influence and no one dared to disobey, each and everyone complied with the directive and went to their posts. Liu Bang had no choice but to temporarily lead his troops westward for Nanzheng, and [in so doing] taking up Zhang Liang‘s stratagem for burning hundreds of li’s (li: ancient measure of length, approx. 500 m) of plank roads (棧道 zhàn dào – plank walkway constructed on the face of a cliff) for which they had passed through. These plank roads were passages constructed with wood along steep precipices. The purpose for burning down these plank roads was to facilitate defense, and more importantly, to confuse Xiang Yu so as for him to not be able to see through Liu Bang’s true intention, thereby relaxing his guard against Liu Bang.
When Liu Bang arrived in Nanzheng, he discovered among his officials one who was an outstanding military strategist, and that was Han Xin. Liu Bang promoted Han Xin to general, asked him to plan for an eastward expansion, [in so doing] seizing control of the world through military deployment.
Han Xin’s first plan was to seize Guanzhong, [which would] open up the gate for marching east, and establishing a pro-Han anti-Chu base. Thus, he sent out some hundreds of officials and soldiers to repair the plank roads. At this moment, the general guarding Western Guanzhong, Zhang Han, heard the news and couldn’t contain himself with laughter: “Who told you to burn down the plank roads [previously]! You had cut off your roads to advance, and now you are repairing it. This is such a big engineering feat yet you only sent several hundred soldiers [for the task], I’ll see how many years and months it will take you to complete this task.” Due to this, Zhang Han did not pay heeds to Liu Bang and Han Xin’s action.
However, Zhang Han soon received urgent reports that Liu Bang’s army had entered Guanzhong, Chencang (today in Shaanxi Province, east of Baoji city) was occupied, and the defending general was killed. Zhang Han could not believe it at first, thinking it to be a rumor. By the time it was confirmed, he rushed his troops to resist but it was already too late. Zhang Han was forced to commit suicide, Eastern Guanzhong defending general Sima Xin and Northern Guanzhong [defending general] Dong Yi surrendered soon after. The so-called “Three Qins‘ Guanzhong” area was all occupied by Liu Bang in a short time period.
It turned out that Han Xin sent troops to fix the plank roads on the surface, pretending to strike from the plank roads. But in reality he went back and, together with Liu Bang, led the main force of the army through a lesser known shortcut to raid Chencang in secret, taking advantage of an unprepared Zhang Han to obtain victory. This is called “Fixing plank roads on the surface, secretly crossing Chencang” (“明修棧道，暗渡陳倉”). Due to this historical event, people later describe someone surreptitiously concealing something from others to achieve an end goal as “secretly crossing Chencang”, or “crossing Chencang in secret”.
Han Xin’s strategem was proposed to Liu Bang when Zhang Liang first suggested burning down the plank roads. Liu Bang saw the plots proposed by both men unexpectedly being the same, and happily said: “Heroes see and plan things in the same way after all!” (“英雄所見，畢竟略同！ ”) This later formed idioms such as “Great minds think alike” (“英雄所見略同”, or “所見略同”), together with “To agree without prior consultation” (“不謀而合”), which take on the same meaning.
—– VOCABULARY —–
比喻 bǐ yù – to compare; to liken to; metaphor; analogy; figure of speech [[tỷ dụ, tương tự như, giống như, ví dụ như]]
別人 bié ren – other people; others; other person
私通 sī tōng – to have secret ties with; to be in covert communication with (the enemy etc.); to engage in an illicit sexual relationship; adultery
私 sī – personal; private; selfish [[tư]]
推翻 tuī fān – to overthrow
及 jí – and; to reach; up to; in time for
其他 qí tā – other; (sth or sb) else; the rest
齊集 qí jí – to gather; to assemble [[tề tập]]
商議 shāng yì – to negotiate; discussion; proposal [[thương nghị]]
割據 gē jù – to set up an independent regime; to secede; segmentation; division; fragmentation
割 gē – to cut; to cut apart [[cát: cắt, gặt, xẻo; chia, phân; dứt bỏ, đoạn tuyệt; tổn hại; tai họa]]
勢力 shì li – power; (ability to) influence [[thực lực]]
企圖 qǐ tú – to attempt; to try; attempt
企 qǐ – to plan a project; to stand on tiptoe [[xí: kiễng chân; đứng cao, đứng; trông ngóng, hi vọng; bắt kịp, đuổi kịp]]
獨霸 dú bà – lit. sole hegemony; to monopolize; domination (of the market); personal empire [[độc bá]]
表面 biǎo miàn – surface; face; outside; appearance
分配 fēn pèi – to distribute; to assign; to allocate; to partition (a hard drive)
配 pèi – to join; to fit; to mate; to mix; to match; to deserve; to make up (a prescription); to allocate [[phối]]
卻 què – but; yet; however; while; to go back; to decline; to retreat; nevertheless; even though [[khước]]
已 yǐ – already; to stop; then; afterwards [[dĩ: thôi, ngừng]]
盤算 pán suàn – to plot; to scheme; to calculate
將來 jiāng lái – in the future; future; the future [[tương lai]]
消滅 xiāo miè – to put an end to; to annihilate; to cause to perish; to perish [[tiêu diệt]]
一般 yī bān – same; ordinary; so-so; common; general; generally; in general
顧忌 gù jì – to have misgivings; apprehension; worry; qualm; scruple
顧 gù – to look after; to take into consideration; to attend to [[cố: trông lại, ngoảnh lại nhìn; nhìn ngắm, xem xét; chú ý, trông nom, săn sóc]]
忌 jì – to be jealous of; fear; dread; scruple; to avoid or abstain from; to quit; to give up sth [[kị: ghen ghét; sợ, e dè; kiêng, cử]]
唯獨 wéi dú – only; just (i.e. it is only that…); all except; unique
唯 wéi – -ism; only; alone [[duy: độc, chỉ]]
早些 zǎo xiē – a bit earlier
曾經 céng jīng – once; already; former; previously; ever
約定 yuē dìng – to agree on sth (after discussion; to conclude a bargain; to arrange; to promise [[ước định]]
鹹 xián – salted; salty; stingy; miserly [[hàm: mặn; bủn xỉn, nhỏ nhen; vị mặn]]
首先 shǒu xiān – first (of all); in the first place
偏偏 piān piān – (indicates that sth turns out just the opposite of what one would wish) unfortunately; as it happened; (indicates that sth is the opposite of what would be normal or reasonable) stubbornly; contrarily; against reason; (indicates that sb or a group is singled out) precisely; only; of all people
即 jí – namely; that is; i.e.; prompt; at once; at present; even if; prompted (by the occasion); to approach; to come into contact; to assume (office); to draw near [[tức]]
帶 dài – band; belt; girdle; ribbon; tire; area; zone; region; to wear; to carry; to take a long [[đái]]
本土 běn tǔ – one’s native country; native; local; metropolitan territory
由於 yóu yú – due to; as a result of; thanks to; owing to; since; because
經營 jīng yíng – to engage in (business etc); to run; to operate [[kinh doanh]]
營 yíng – camp; barracks; battalion; to build; to operate; to manage; to strive for [[doanh]]
物產 wù chǎn – products; produce; natural resources
豐富 fēng fù – to enrich; rich; plentiful; abundant [[phong phú]]
而且 ér qiě – (not only …) but also; moreover; in addition; furthermore
基礎 jī chǔ – base; foundation; basis; underlying [[cơ sở, nền tảng, căn bản]]
沛縣 Pèi xiàn – Pei county in Xuzhou 徐州[Xu2 zhou1], Jiangsu
沛 pèi – copious; abundant [[phái: bãi cỏ, chỗ vũng nước mọc cỏ, đất bỏ hoang mọc cỏ; dồi dào, sung sức, hưng thịnh]]
一帶 yī dài – region; district
便 biàn – plain; informal; suitable; convenient; opportune; to urinate or defecate; in that case; even if; soon afterwards [[tiện]]
南鄭 Nán zhèng – Nanzheng County in Hanzhong 漢中|汉中[Han4 zhong1], Shaanxi
鄭 zhèng – [[trịnh: cẩn trọng, trang trọng; nước Trịnh; họ Trịnh]]
以 yǐ – to use; by means of; according to; in order to; because of; at (a certain date or place)
偏僻 piān pì – remote; desolate; far from the city
偏 piān – to lean; to slant; oblique; prejudiced; to deviate from average; to stray from the intended line; stubbornly; contrary to expectations [[thiên: lệch, nghiêng, ngả; không hoàn toàn, phiến diện; xa xôi, hẻo lánh; vẫn, cứ, lại; vừa, đúng lúc]]
僻 pì – biased; low; rustic; secluded [[tích: hẹp, vắng vẻ, hẻo lánh; kì, lạ, khác thường; tà, xấu, bất chánh]]
劃 huá – to cut; to slash; to scratch (cut into the surface of sth); to strike (a match) [[hoạch: phân chia, quy định, phân giới; mưu tính, thiết kế, trù liệu; rạch, vạch (bằng dao hoặc vật sắc nhọn)]]
降 xiáng – to surrender; to capitulate; to subdue; to tame [[hàng]]
欣 xīn – happy [[hân]]
翳 yì – feather screen; to screen; to shade; cataract [[ế: cái lọng xe của vua chúa; bệnh con ngươi trong mắt có màng; che lấp; ở ẩn; bỏ, đuổi đi]]
阻塞 zǔ sè – to block; to clog
阻 zǔ – to hinder; to block; to obstruct [[trở: chỗ đất hiểm yếu; chướng ngại; ngăn cách; ngăn cấm, ngăn chận; từ chối, cự tuyệt; cậy, dựa vào]]
塞 sè – to stop up; to stuff; to cope with [[tắc: ngăn trở, cách trở; lấp kín; nghẽn, kẹt; đầy đủ, sung mãn; làm qua loa, cẩu thả]]
佔領 zhàn lǐng – to occupy (a territory); to hold [[chiếm lĩnh]]
下游 xià yóu – lower reaches (of a river); lower level; lower echelon; downstream [[hạ du]]
流域 liú yù – river basin; valley; drainage area [[lưu vực]]
廣大 guǎng dà – (of an area) vast or extensive; large-scale; widespread; (of people) numerous
肥沃 féi wò – fertile
肥 féi – fat; fertile; loose-fitting or large; to fertilize; to become rich by illegal means; fertilizer; manure [[phì]]
沃 wò – fertile; rich; to irrigate; to wash (or river) [[ốc: rót, tưới; tốt, màu mỡ]]
確 què – authenticated; solid; firm; real; true [[xác: thật, đúng; bền, chắc; thật là; chắc chắn, kiên quyết]]
服氣 fú qì – to be convinced; to accept
更 gēng – to change or replace; to experience; one of the five two-hour periods into which the night was formerly divided; watch (e.g. of a sentry or guard) [[canh]]
懾 shè – afraid; be feared; to fear; to frighten; to intimidate [[nhiếp: sợ hãi, khủng cụ; uy phục, thu phục]]
威勢 wēi shì – might; power and influence
違抗 wéi kàng – to disobey
違 wéi – to disobey; to violate; to separate; to go against [[vi: lìa, chia lìa; cách xa; trái, làm trái; lánh, tránh đi]]
聽從 tīng cóng – to listen and obey; to comply with; to heed; to hearken
支配 zhī pèi – to control; to dominate; to allocate [[chi phối: ảnh hưởng]]
各就各位 gè jiù gè wèi – (1) (of the people in a group) to get into position (idiom); (2) (athletics) on your mark!
隻 zhī – classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, etc. [[chích: một mình, cô độc; lẻ (số); riêng biệc, đặc thù]]
不得不 bù dé bù – have no choice or option but to; cannot but; have to; can’t help it; can’t avoid
暫時 zàn shí – temporary; provisional; for the time being
暫 zàn – temporary [[tạm: trong một thời gian ngắn, không lâu; hãy, cứ hãy; mới, vừa mới]]
開往 kāi wǎng – (of a bus, train, etc) to leave for; heading for
並且 bìng qiě – and; besides; moreover; furthermore; in addition
棧道 zhàn dào – plank walkway constructed on the face of a cliff; (archaic) elevated passageway connecting the upper levels of adjacent towers
棧 zhàn – a wooden or bamboo pen for sheep or cattle; wood or bamboo trestlework; a warehouse [[sạn: cầu treo, đường xếp bằng gỗ; nhà quán để xếp hàng hóa và cho khách trọ; xiễn – cái chuồng]]
燒 shāo – to burn; to cook; to stew; to bake; to roast; to heat [[thiêu]]
毀 huǐ – to destroy; to damage; to ruin; to defame; to slander [[hủy]]
險峻 xiǎn jùn – arduous, steep
峻 jùn – (of mountains) high; harsh or severe
懸崖 xuán yá – precipice; overhanging cliff
懸 xuán – to hang or suspend; to worry; public announcement; unresolved; baseless; without foundation [[huyền: treo, treo lơ lửng; lo nghĩ canh cánh không yên; công bố; cheo leo, lơ lửng trên cao]]
崖 yá – precipice, cliff [[nhai]]
木材 mù cái – wood
材 cái – material; timber; ability; aptitude; a capable individual [[tài]]
架設 jià shè – to construct; to erect
架 jià – to support; frame; rack; framework; classifier for planes, large vehicles, radios etc [[giá]]
設 shè – to set up; to arrange; to establish; to found; to display [[thiết: sắp bày, đặt bày; thành lập, sáng lập; ví thử, nếu, giả sử]]
便於 biàn yú – easy to; convenient for [[dễ dàng, thuận tiện]]
防禦 fáng yù – defense; to defend
禦 yù – to defend, to resist [[ngự]]
迷惑 mí huo – to puzzle, to confuse, to baffle
真的 – may be we want this instead: 真諦 zhēn dì – the real meaning; the true essence
諦 dì – to examine; truth (Buddhism) [[đế: kĩ càng, kĩ lưỡng; xem xét kĩ; đạo lí, nghĩa lí, chân lí]]
打算 dǎ suàn – to plan; to intend; to calculate; plan; intention; calculation
從而 cóng ér – thus; thereby [[theo cách đó, theo đó, do đó]]
鬆懈 sōng xiè – to relax; to relax efforts; to slack off; to take it easy; complacent; undisciplined
鬆 sōng – loose; to loosen; to relax [[tông: rối bù, bù xù; lỏng lẻo, thong thả]]
懈 xiè – lax; negligent [[giải: trễ lười, biếng nhác; mệt mỏi, bạc nhược]]
戒備 jiè bèi – to take precautions; to guard against (emergency)
戒 jiè – to guard against; to exhort; to admonish or warn; to give up or stop doing sth; Buddhist monastic discipline [[giới: khuyên răn; phòng bị, đề phòng]]
拜 bài – to pay respect; worship; visit; salute [[bái: vái lạy; thăm hỏi, gặp mặt; cầu chúc; trao chức, phong quan]]
策劃 cè huà – to plot; to scheme; to bring about; to engineer; planning; producer; planner
奪取 duó qǔ – to seize; to capture; to wrest control of
奪 duó – to seize; to take away forcibly; to wrest control of; to compete or strive for; to force one’s way through; to leave out; to lose [[đoạt]]
取 qǔ – to take; to get; to choose; to fetch [[thủ: lấy, cầm; chọn lấy; chuốc lấy, tìm lấy; dùng; lấy vợ; làm]]
部署 bù shǔ – to dispose; to deploy; deployment
署 shǔ – office; bureau; to sign; to arrange [[thự: sở quan (nơi quan lại làm việc); cơ quan của chính phủ; xếp đặt, an bài, bố trí; ghi chữ, kí; tạm thay, tạm nhận chức việc]]
修復 xiū fù – to restore; to renovate; restoration
修 xiū – to decorate; to embellish; to repair; to build; to write; to cultivate; to study [[tu: sửa chữa, chỉnh trị]]
復 fù – to recover; to restore; to go and return; to return; to resume [[phục: hoàn nguyên; trở lại, đã đi rồi trở lại; báo đáp; miễn trừ (tạp dịch, thuế); lại]]
守 shǒu – to guard; to defend; to keep watch; to abide by the law; to observe (rules or ritual); nearby [[thủ: phòng vệ, bảo vệ]]
消息 xiāo xi – news; information
不禁 bù jīn – can’t help (doing sth); can’t refrain from
禁 jīn – to endure [[câm: đương nổi, chịu đựng nổi; nhịn, nín, cầm]]
jìn – to prohibit; to forbid [[cấm: ngăn, chận, không cho phép; giam cấm, giam giữ; điều kiêng kị]]
完成 wán chéng – to complete; to accomplish [[hoàn thành]]
引起 yǐn qǐ – to give rise to; to lead to; to cause; to arouse
重視 zhòng shì – to attach importance to sth; to value
可是 kě shì – but; however; (used for emphasis) indeed
緊急 jǐn jí – urgent; emergency [[khẩn cấp]]
已 yǐ – already; to stop; then; afterwards
寶雞 Bǎo jī – (1) Baoji prefecture level city in Shaanxi
(2) called Chencang 陳倉|陈仓[Chen2 cang1] in ancient times
佔 zhàn – to take possession of; to occupy; to take up [[chiếm]]
以為 yǐ wéi – to believe; to think; to consider; to be under the impression
謠言 yáo yán – rumor
謠 yáo – popular ballad; rumor [[dao: bài hát lưu hành trong dân gian; bịa đặt, không có căn cứ]]
等到 děng dào – to wait until; by the time when (sth is ready etc)
證實 zhèng shí – to confirm (sth to be true); to verify [[chứng thực]]
慌忙 huāng máng – in a great rush; in a flurry [[hoang mang]]
抵抗 dǐ kàng – to resist; resistance
抵 dǐ – to press against; to support; to prop up; to resist; to equal; to balance; to make up for; to mortgage; to arrive at [[để: chắn, chặn; mạo phạm, xúc phạm; chống cự; đáng, ngang bằng]]
已經 yǐ jīng – already
及 jí – and; to reach; up to; in time for
逼 bī – to force (sb to do sth); to compel; to press for; to extort; to press on towards; to press up to; to close in on [[bức]]
駐守 zhù shǒu – (man a post and) defend
駐 zhù – to halt; to stay; to be stationed (of troops, diplomats, etc) [[trú: ngừng, đỗ (xe, ngựa); ở lại, lưu lại; giữ lại, giữ gìn]]
欣 xīn – happy [[hân]]
翳 yì – feather screen; to screen; to shade; cataract [[ế: cái lọng xe của vua chúa; bệnh con ngươi trong mắt có màng; che lấp; ở ẩn; bỏ, đuổi đi]]
相繼 xiāng jì – in succession; following closely
繼 jì – to continue; to follow after; to go on with; to succeed; to inherit; then; afterwards [[kế]]
投降 tóu xiáng – to surrender; surrender [[đầu hàng]]
號稱 hào chēng – to be known as; to be nicknamed; to be purportedly; to claim (often exaggeratedly or falsely)
於是 yú shì – thereupon; as a result; consequently; thus; hence [[do đó; vì vậy; bởi vậy]]
一下子 yī xià zi – in a short while; all at once; all of a sudden
裝作 zhuāng zuò – to pretend; to feign; to act a part
姿態 zī tài – attitude; posture; stance [[tư thái, dáng điệu]]
姿 zī – beauty; disposition; looks; appearance [[tư: dáng dấp, dung mạo; tính chất trời phú cho]]
態 tài – appearance; shape; form; state; attitude [[thái]]
實際 shí jì – reality; practice; practical; realistic; real [[thực tế]]
際 jì – border; edge; boundary; interval; between; inter-; to meet; time; occasion [[tế: biên, ven, bờ, ranh giới; lúc, dịp, trong khoảng; giữa, bên trong; cơ hội, vận hội]]
卻 què – to go back; to retreat; nevertheless; even though; but; yet; however
統率 tǒng shuài – to command, to direct
率 shuài – to lead; to command; rash; hasty; frank; straightforward; generally; usually [[suất]]
抄 chāo – to make a copy; to plagiarize; to search and seize; to raid; to grab; to go off with; to take a shortcut; to make a turning move; to fold one’s arms [[sao: tịch thu; chép lại; đi tắt, đi rẽ; đánh, đoạt lấy]]
襲擊 xí jī – attack (esp. surprise attack); raid; to attack [[tập kích]]
襲 xí – to attack; to inherit; classifier for suits (esp. of funeral robes) [[tập]]
趁 chèn – to avail oneself of; to take advantage of [[sấn: thừa dịp, lợi dụng, thừa cơ]]
取得 qǔ dé – to acquire; to get; to obtain [[thủ đắc: giành được, đạt được, lấy được]]
瞞 mán – to conceal from; to keep (sb) in the dark [[man: dối, lừa, giấu giếm]]
偷偷摸摸 tōu tōu mō mō – surreptitious; sneaky
偷偷 tōu tōu – stealthily; secretly; covertly; furtively; on the sly
摸 mō – to feel with the hand; to touch; to stroke; to grope; to steal; to abstract [[mạc: mò, bắt, lấy trộm; sờ mó, rờ, nắn]]
竟然 jìng rán – unexpectedly; to one’s surprise; in spite of everything; in that crazy way; actually; to go as far as to
畢竟 bì jìng – after all; all in all; when all is said and done; in the final analysis
畢 bì – the whole of; to finish; to complete; complete; full; finished [[tất]]
英雄所見略同 yīng xióng suǒ jiàn lüè tóng – lit. heroes usually agree (idiom); great minds think alike
所見 suǒ jiàn – seen; what one sees
略 lüè – plan; strategy; outline; summary; slightly; rather; to rob; to plunder; to summarize; to omit [[lược]]
由此 yóu cǐ – hereby; from this
不謀而合 bù móu ér hé – (1) to agree without prior consultation; (2) to happen to hold the same view
未經 wèi jīng – (1) not having undergone; (2) without (having gone through a certain process)
商量 shāng liang – to consult; to talk over; to discuss
彼此 bǐ cǐ – each other; one another [[này nọ, bên này bên kia; hai bên; coi hai bên như một, không phân biệt]]
彼 bǐ – that; those; (one) another [[bỉ: bên kia, cái kia; đối lại với ‘thử’]]
看法 kàn fǎ – way of looking at a thing; view; opinion
一致 yī zhì – unanimous; identical (views or opinions) [[nhất trí]]
致 zhì – to send; to devote; to deliver; to cause; to convey; fine, delicate [[trí: trạng thái, tình trạng, ý hướng; suy đến cùng cực; hết lòng, hết sức, tận tâm, tận lực; trao đưa, truyền đạt; trả lại, lui về]]